Authorised push payment (APP) fraud happens when a fraudster tricks someone into sending a payment to an account outside of their control. There are more incidents of fraud than any other crime type in the UK, with APP fraud accounting for 40% of fraud losses in 2022.
In a significant step towards greater transparency, we are publishing 2022 data (from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022), covering:
- the reimbursement of victims (from the largest 14 banking groups)
- how much money is sent from each payment firm as a result of APP fraud (from the largest 14 banking groups)
- how much money is received by each payment firm as a result of APP fraud (all payment firms in the UK)
The data includes the UK’s 14 largest banking groups (directed firms), along with the data for nine other smaller firms that were in the top 20 highest receivers of fraud (non-directed firms).
This means, for the first time, you will be able to see the full extent of how well your bank has performed in tackling APP fraud and how they treated victims in the last year, compared to other UK banks and payment firms.
On this page you’ll find this comparison data, as well as the full downloadable report. We will continue to collect data from payment firms over the next 12 months and will publish 2023’s report next year.
To ensure more consistent consumer protections are in place, we have also been pushing forward mandatory reimbursement requirements for victims of APP scams which will come into force in 2024.
The UK’s payment firms have also seen additional interventions from the PSR to improve data sharing to spot and prevent scams, and the roll-out of the name-checking service, Confirmation of Payee.
Metric A: Percentage of reported APP fraud losses refunded by value
The chart shows the percentage of total APP fraud losses that were reimbursed to consumers by each firm in 2022. For example, TSB refunded 91% of the total value of APP fraud losses in 2022.
| Bank | Percentage of loss refunded by value |
|---|---|
| TSB* | 91% |
| Nationwide | 78% |
| HSBC, First Direct | 73% |
| Barclays | 70% |
| Santander | 63% |
| NatWest, RBS, Ulster Bank | 62% |
| The Co-operative Bank | 54% |
| Lloyds, Bank of Scotland, Halifax | 49% |
| Metro Bank | 42% |
| Clydesdale, Virgin Money | 38% |
| Starling | 37% |
| Monzo | 22% |
| Danske Bank | 20% |
| AIB | 10% |
* TSB was unable to separate out FOS reimbursements from its data, causing its reimbursement statistic to be overstated in the chart – but this is not likely to have any material effect on its ranking.
Metric A: Percentage of reported APP fraud losses refunded by volume
The chart shows the percentage of APP fraud cases that were fully and partially reimbursed by each firm. For example, Nationwide fully reimbursed 91% and partially reimbursed 4% of the APP fraud cases in 2022.
* TSB was unable to separate out FOS reimbursements from its data, causing its reimbursement statistic to be overstated in the chart – but this is not likely to have any material effect on its ranking.
Metric B: Value of APP fraud sent per £ million of transactions
This data shows how much money consumers at the 14 major UK banking groups lost to APP fraud for every million pounds of transactions sent. For example, for every £1 million of Santander transactions sent in 2022, £322 of that was lost to APP fraud.
Metric B: Volume of APP fraud sent per million transactions
This data shows how many APP fraud payments were sent per million transactions at the 14 major UK banking groups. For example, for every million consumer transactions that Monzo sent in 2022, 141 were reported as APP fraud payments.
Metric C: Value of APP fraud received per £ million of transactions Non-directed PSPs
This data shows which smaller banks and payment firms received the highest value of APP fraud in 2022 per million pounds of transactions. For example, for every £1 million received into consumer accounts at Clear Junction, £10,335 of it was APP fraud.
Firms in the chart were identified as being in the top 20 receivers of fraud by absolute value in the UK in 2022. Firms were then ranked from 1 to 20 on the basis of their fraud rate. A firm with rank 1 would have the highest APP fraud rate.
Metric C: Value of APP fraud received per £ million of transactions Directed PSPs
This data shows which major UK banking groups received the highest value of APP fraud in 2022 per million pounds of transactions. For example, for every £1 million received into consumer accounts at Metro, £696 of it was APP fraud.
Firms in the chart were identified as being in the top 20 receivers of fraud by absolute value in the UK in 2022. Firms were then ranked from 1 to 20 on the basis of their fraud rate. A firm with rank 1 would have the highest APP fraud rate.
Metric C: Volume of APP fraud received per million transactions Non-directed PSPs
This data shows which small banks and payment firms received the highest number of APP fraud payments per million transactions. For example, for every 1 million transactions received by consumers at JP Morgan/Chase, 430 of those transactions were APP fraud payments.
Firms in the chart were identified as being in the top 20 receivers of fraud by absolute volume in the UK in 2022. Firms were then ranked from 1 to 20. A firm with rank 1 would have the highest APP fraud rate.
Metric C: Volume of APP fraud received per million transactions Directed PSPs
This data shows which major UK banking groups received the highest number of APP fraud payments per million transactions. For example, for every 1 million transactions made by consumers at Starling, 119 of those transactions were APP fraud payments.
Firms in the chart were identified as being in the top 20 receivers of fraud by absolute volume in the UK in 2022. Firms were then ranked from 1 to 20. A firm with rank 1 would have the highest APP fraud rate.
AIB, Danske Bank, the Co-operative Bank and Clydesdale/Virgin Money are not included in this list despite being directed PSPs. This is because they were not identified as being in the top 20 receivers of fraud.
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APP Fraud Performance Report Oct 2023
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